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Spectral emittance measurements of micro/nanostructures in energy conversion: a review

Shiquan SHAN, Chuyang CHEN, Peter G. LOUTZENHISER, Devesh RANJAN, Zhijun ZHOU, Zhuomin M. ZHANG

《能源前沿（英文）》 2020年 第14卷 第3期   页码 482-509 doi: 10.1007/s11708-020-0693-0

摘要： Micro/nanostructures play a key role in tuning the radiative properties of materials and have been applied to high-temperature energy conversion systems for improved performance. Among the various radiative properties, spectral emittance is of integral importance for the design and analysis of materials that function as radiative absorbers or emitters. This paper presents an overview of the spectral emittance measurement techniques using both the direct and indirect methods. Besides, several micro/nanostructures are also introduced, and a special emphasis is placed on the emissometers developed for characterizing engineered micro/nanostructures in high-temperature applications (e.g., solar energy conversion and thermophotovoltaic devices). In addition, both experimental facilities and measured results for different materials are summarized. Furthermore, future prospects in developing instrumentation and micro/nanostructured surfaces for practical applications are also outlined. This paper provides a comprehensive source of information for the application of micro/nanostructures in high-temperature energy conversion engineering.

关键词： concentrating solar power (CSP)     emittance measurements     high temperature     micro/nanostructure     selective absorber     selective emitter     thermophotovoltaics (TPV)    

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Answer for questions of repeated measurements of variance analysis and distribution test of data — Authors

《医学前沿（英文）》 2022年 第16卷 第4期   页码 661-664 doi: 10.1007/s11684-021-0907-9

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Application and evaluation of optical distance measurements in geometrical quality testing of microgears

Albert ALBERS, Duotai PAN, Leif MARXEN, Claudia BECKE,

《机械工程前沿（英文）》 2010年 第5卷 第3期   页码 261-269 doi: 10.1007/s11465-010-0100-3

摘要： Microgears are increasingly important in industry. Compared to normal gears, the quality assurance of microgears needs more accurately measured data and simple but feasible measurement methods because of their dimension particula

关键词： microgear     optical distance measurement     profile deviation     CWL sensor     micromechanical technology (MMT)    

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NITROGEN CYCLING AND ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACTS IN THE SUBTROPICAL HILLY REGION OF CHINA: EVIDENCE FROM MEASUREMENTS

《农业科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2022年 第9卷 第3期   页码 407-424 doi: 10.15302/J-FASE-2022448

摘要：

● Soil nitrogen fluxes and influencing factors were reviewed in the subtropical hilly regions.

关键词： nitrogen cycling     soil nitrogen     nitrogen deposition     greenhouse gases emission     non-point source pollution     nitrogen use efficiency    

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Operando modeling and measurements: Powerful tools for revealing the mechanism of alkali carbonate-based

《能源前沿（英文）》 2023年 第17卷 第3期   页码 380-389 doi: 10.1007/s11708-023-0872-x

摘要： Alkali carbonate-based sorbents (ACSs), including Na2CO3- and K2CO3-based sorbents, are promising for CO2 capture. However, the complex sorbent components and operation conditions lead to the versatile kinetics of CO2 sorption on these sorbents. This paper proposed that operando modeling and measurements are powerful tools to understand the mechanism of sorbents in real operating conditions, facilitating the sorbent development, reactor design, and operation parameter optimization. It reviewed the theoretical simulation achievements during the development of ACSs. It elucidated the findings obtained by utilizing density functional theory (DFT) calculations, ab initio molecular dynamics (AIMD) simulations, and classical molecular dynamics (CMD) simulations as well. The hygroscopicity of sorbent and the humidity of gas flow are crucial to shifting the carbonation reaction from the gas−solid mode to the gas−liquid mode, boosting the kinetics. Moreover, it briefly introduced a machine learning (ML) approach as a promising method to aid sorbent design. Furthermore, it demonstrated a conceptual compact operando measurement system in order to understand the behavior of ACSs in the real operation process. The proposed measurement system includes a micro fluidized-bed (MFB) reactor for kinetic analysis, a multi-camera sub-system for 3D particle movement tracking, and a combined Raman and IR sub-system for solid/gas components and temperature monitoring. It is believed that this system is useful to evaluate the real-time sorbent performance, validating the theoretical prediction and promoting the industrial scale-up of ACSs for CO2 capture.

关键词： CO2 capture     carbonation     theoretical modeling     operando techniques     reaction visualization    

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δN-stable isotope analysis of NH: An overview on analytical measurements, source sampling and its source

《环境科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2021年 第15卷 第6期 doi: 10.1007/s11783-021-1414-6

摘要：

• Challenges in sampling of NH3 sources for d15N analysis are highlighted.

关键词： Aerosol ammonium     Atmospheric gaseous ammonia     Isotope fingerprinting     Isotope-based source apportionment     Ammonia gas-to-particle conversion    

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Field measurements on microclimate in residential community in Guangzhou, China

Zhuolun CHEN, Lihua ZHAO, Qinglin MENG, Changshan WANG, Yongchao ZHAI, Fei WANG,

《结构与土木工程前沿（英文）》 2009年 第3卷 第4期   页码 462-468 doi: 10.1007/s11709-009-0066-6

摘要： Taking a certain housing in Guangzhou as an example, we conduct the field measurement of the microclimate at fixed points for air temperature, relative humidity, black globe temperature and wind speed, etc. We investigate the effects of manmade lake, shade of trees and ground surface character on outdoor thermal environment, and make a quantitative analysis on the weighting position of the landscape design factors in design behavior. The study intends to explore a method to improve the thermal environment of residential quarters by changing the corresponding factors.

关键词： microclimate     outdoor thermal environment     air temperature     black globe temperature     wind speed    

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Diffusive gradients in thin films using molecularly imprinted polymer binding gels for in situ measurements

Ying Cui, Feng Tan, Yan Wang, Suyu Ren, Jingwen Chen

《环境科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2020年 第14卷 第6期 doi: 10.1007/s11783-020-1290-5

摘要： Abstract • Selective molecularly imprinted polymer (MIP) binding gel was prepared. • MIP-DGT showed excellent uptake performance for antibiotics. • In situ measurement of antibiotics in wastewaters via MIP-DGT was developed. • The MIP-DGT method was robust, reliable, and highly sensitive. Urban wastewater is one of main sources for the introduction of antibiotics into the environment. Monitoring the concentrations of antibiotics in wastewater is necessary for estimating the amount of antibiotics discharged into the environment through urban wastewater treatment systems. In this study, we report a novel diffusive gradient in thin films (DGT) method based on molecularly imprinted polymers (MIPs) for in situ measurement of two typical antibiotics, fluoroquinolones (FQs) and sulfonamides (SAs) in urban wastewater. MIPs show specific adsorption toward their templates and their structural analogs, resulting in the selective uptake of the two target antibiotics during MIP-DGT deployment. The uptake performance of the MIP-DGTs was evaluated in the laboratory and was relatively independent of solution pH (4.0–9.0), ionic strength (1–750 mmol/L), and dissolved organic matter (DOM, 0–20 mg/L). MIP-DGT samplers were tested in the effluent of an urban wastewater treatment plant for field trials, where three SA (sulfamethoxazole, sulfapyridine, and trimethoprim) and one FQ (ofloxacin) antibiotics were detected, with concentrations ranging from 25.50 to 117.58 ng/L, which are consistent with the results measured by grab sampling. The total removal efficiency of the antibiotics was 80.1% by the treatment plant. This study demonstrates that MIP-DGT is an effective tool for in situ monitoring of trace antibiotics in complex urban wastewaters.

关键词： Diffusive gradients in thin films     Molecularly imprinted polymers     Selective uptake     Antibiotics     Passive sampling    

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Peroxyacetyl nitrate measurements by thermal dissociation–chemical ionization mass spectrometry in an

Xinfeng Wang, Tao Wang, Likun Xue, Wei Nie, Zheng Xu, Steven C. N. Poon, Wenxing Wang

《环境科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2017年 第11卷 第4期 doi: 10.1007/s11783-017-0925-7

摘要： Peroxyacetyl nitrate (PAN) is an important indicator of photochemical smog and has adverse effects on human health and vegetation growth. A rapid and highly selective technique of thermal dissociation–chemical ionization mass spectrometry (TD-CIMS) was recently developed to measure the abundance of PAN in real time; however, it may be subject to artifact in the presence of nitric oxide (NO). In this study, we tested the interference of the PAN signal induced by NO, evaluated the performance of TD-CIMS in an urban environment, and investigated the concentration and formation of PAN in urban Hong Kong. NO caused a significant underestimation of the PAN signal in TD-CIMS, with the underestimation increasing sharply with NO concentration and decreasing slightly with PAN abundance. A formula was derived to link the loss of PAN signal with the concentrations of NO and PAN, which can be used for data correction in PAN measurements. The corrected PAN data from TD-CIMS were consistent with those from the commonly used gas chromatography with electron capture detection, which confirms the utility of TD-CIMS in an urban environment in which NO is abundant. In autumn of 2010, the hourly average PAN mixing ratio varied from 0.06 ppbv to 5.17 ppbv, indicating the occurrence of photochemical pollution in urban Hong Kong. The formation efficiency of PAN during pollution episodes was as high as 3.9 to 5.9 ppbv per 100 ppbv ozone. PAN levels showed a near-linear increase with NO concentration, suggesting a control policy of NO reduction for PAN pollution.

关键词： TD-CIMS     Peroxyacetyl nitrate     Interference     Photochemical pollution     Formation efficiency    

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Quantification of emission variability for off-road equipment in China based on real-world measurements

《环境科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2022年 第16卷 第2期 doi: 10.1007/s11783-021-1455-x

摘要：

• Emissions from 53 in-use diesel-fueled off-road equipment were measured.

关键词： Off-road equipment     Portable emission measurement system (PEMS)     Real-world emissions     Diesel engine    

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Non-convex sparse optimization-based impact force identification with limited vibration measurements

《机械工程前沿（英文）》 2023年 第18卷 第3期 doi: 10.1007/s11465-023-0762-2

摘要： Impact force identification is important for structure health monitoring especially in applications involving composite structures. Different from the traditional direct measurement method, the impact force identification technique is more cost effective and feasible because it only requires a few sensors to capture the system response and infer the information about the applied forces. This technique enables the acquisition of impact locations and time histories of forces, aiding in the rapid assessment of potentially damaged areas and the extent of the damage. As a typical inverse problem, impact force reconstruction and localization is a challenging task, which has led to the development of numerous methods aimed at obtaining stable solutions. The classical ℓ2 regularization method often struggles to generate sparse solutions. When solving the under-determined problem, ℓ2 regularization often identifies false forces in non-loaded regions, interfering with the accurate identification of the true impact locations. The popular ℓ1 sparse regularization, while promoting sparsity, underestimates the amplitude of impact forces, resulting in biased estimations. To alleviate such limitations, a novel non-convex sparse regularization method that uses the non-convex ℓ1−2 penalty, which is the difference of the ℓ1 and ℓ2 norms, as a regularizer, is proposed in this paper. The principle of alternating direction method of multipliers (ADMM) is introduced to tackle the non-convex model by facilitating the decomposition of the complex original problem into easily solvable subproblems. The proposed method named ℓ1−2-ADMM is applied to solve the impact force identification problem with unknown force locations, which can realize simultaneous impact localization and time history reconstruction with an under-determined, sparse sensor configuration. Simulations and experiments are performed on a composite plate to verify the identification accuracy and robustness with respect to the noise of the ℓ1−2-ADMM method. Results indicate that compared with other existing regularization methods, the ℓ1−2-ADMM method can simultaneously reconstruct and localize impact forces more accurately, facilitating sparser solutions, and yielding more accurate results.

关键词： impact force identification     inverse problem     sparse regularization     under-determined condition     alternating direction method of multipliers    

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城市爆破拆除的粉尘预测和降尘措施

郑炳旭,魏晓林

《中国工程科学》 2002年 第4卷 第8期   页码 69-73

摘要：

提出了正态分布无边界扩散模式粉尘浓度预测法，介绍了广州体育馆爆破拆除时的降尘措施，即清理积尘、楼面蓄水、预湿墙体、屋面敷水袋、建筑外设高压管网喷水、搭设防尘排栅和直升机投水弹并产生下向风流等综合防尘技术，实施后减轻了粉尘危害。

关键词： 控爆拆除     粉尘预测和控制     高压喷水降尘     环保    

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Development of an experimental platform for research in energy and electrical machine control

Ali HMIDET, Rachid DHIFAOUI, Driss SAIDANI, Othman HASNAOUI,

《能源前沿（英文）》 2010年 第4卷 第3期   页码 366-375 doi: 10.1007/s11708-010-0106-x

摘要： This paper presents the development of a test bench dedicated for electrical machines and energy control, as realized by the research team of the Power Systems and Electrical Machines Laboratory (RME) of the National Institute of Applied Sciences and Technology (INSAT) in Tunisia. The principal components of the proposed test bench are explained, and the respective characteristics are given. This paper focuses on mounting low-cost sensors and developing reliable scientific results. The relevant obtained results in photovoltaic (PV) and wind energy fields, power measurement and control, as well as alternating current (AC) machine drives are likewise presented. These are supported by two signal processing controller boards based on Technosoft MCK240 and dSPACE DS1104 kits. In the wind energy field, some results relative to Self Excited Induction Generator dedicated to supplying isolated sites are discussed; in addition, water pumping is discussed for PV energy. In the AC drives area, the results of a closed loop control are presented using a developed direct voltage control (DVC) scheme implemented on dSPACE DS1104. Maps and interesting details of some realized sensors are also presented.

关键词： test bench     induction motor     solar energy     wind energy     AC/DC/AC converter     sensors and power measurements    

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热带测雨卫星搭载的仪器及其探测结果

傅云飞,刘奇,王雨,孙亮,李锐,马明,刘国胜

《中国工程科学》 2012年 第14卷 第10期   页码 43-50

摘要：

针对降水遥感和探测，简要介绍了卫星红外遥感方法和被动微波遥感方法，着重讨论了热带测雨卫星及其搭载仪器。随后介绍了热带测雨卫星多仪器探测结果的应用，并以夏季热对流降水为例，分析了其降水结构、云顶高度和雨顶高度及其与地表降水之间的关系，同时也阐述了如何利用热带测雨卫星和测雨雷达长时间资料，来分析亚洲地区降水的气候分布。最后对卫星主动微波探测降水的发展做了简要展望。

关键词： 热带测雨卫星     测雨雷达     微波成像仪     光谱     降水    

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利用嫦娥一号卫星微波探测仪数据反演月球表面物理温度

李芸,姜景山,王振占,张德海,张晓辉

《中国工程科学》 2013年 第15卷 第7期   页码 106-112

摘要：

本文利用理论研究的结果，建立了月表物理温度反演模型，结合嫦娥一号微波探测仪（CELMS）数据对全月球物理温度进行了反演。同时分析了物理温度变化对微波辐射的影响及其与表面地形等的关系，为其他月表信息反演提供了依据和物理温度的测量信息。

关键词： 嫦娥一号微波探测仪     月球表面物理温度     反演    

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标题 作者 时间 类型 操作

Spectral emittance measurements of micro/nanostructures in energy conversion: a review

Shiquan SHAN, Chuyang CHEN, Peter G. LOUTZENHISER, Devesh RANJAN, Zhijun ZHOU, Zhuomin M. ZHANG

期刊论文

Answer for questions of repeated measurements of variance analysis and distribution test of data — Authors

期刊论文

Application and evaluation of optical distance measurements in geometrical quality testing of microgears

Albert ALBERS, Duotai PAN, Leif MARXEN, Claudia BECKE,

期刊论文

NITROGEN CYCLING AND ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACTS IN THE SUBTROPICAL HILLY REGION OF CHINA: EVIDENCE FROM MEASUREMENTS

期刊论文

Operando modeling and measurements: Powerful tools for revealing the mechanism of alkali carbonate-based

期刊论文

δN-stable isotope analysis of NH: An overview on analytical measurements, source sampling and its source

期刊论文

Field measurements on microclimate in residential community in Guangzhou, China

Zhuolun CHEN, Lihua ZHAO, Qinglin MENG, Changshan WANG, Yongchao ZHAI, Fei WANG,

期刊论文

Diffusive gradients in thin films using molecularly imprinted polymer binding gels for in situ measurements

Ying Cui, Feng Tan, Yan Wang, Suyu Ren, Jingwen Chen

期刊论文

Peroxyacetyl nitrate measurements by thermal dissociation–chemical ionization mass spectrometry in an

Xinfeng Wang, Tao Wang, Likun Xue, Wei Nie, Zheng Xu, Steven C. N. Poon, Wenxing Wang

期刊论文

Quantification of emission variability for off-road equipment in China based on real-world measurements

期刊论文

Non-convex sparse optimization-based impact force identification with limited vibration measurements

期刊论文

城市爆破拆除的粉尘预测和降尘措施

郑炳旭,魏晓林

期刊论文

Development of an experimental platform for research in energy and electrical machine control

Ali HMIDET, Rachid DHIFAOUI, Driss SAIDANI, Othman HASNAOUI,

期刊论文

热带测雨卫星搭载的仪器及其探测结果

傅云飞,刘奇,王雨,孙亮,李锐,马明,刘国胜

期刊论文

利用嫦娥一号卫星微波探测仪数据反演月球表面物理温度

李芸,姜景山,王振占,张德海,张晓辉

期刊论文